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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644:0504855828<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: abahrany@kfu.edu.sa<\/p>\n<p>ambahrany@yahoo.com<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1989\u0645).<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 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-2005\u0645).<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 (2003).<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 &#8211; \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 (1998 -2003).<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f &#8211; \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 (1989-1998 ).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1987\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647 1988\u0645).<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u064a\u062f &#8211; \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 (1983-1984).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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(\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643).<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633).<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 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\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 (\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b<\/p>\n<p>Al-Khayri, J.M., Al-Bahrany, A.M. 2007. Characterization of growth and differentiation in date palmPhoenix dactylifera L. cell suspension. Proceeding of the Fourth Symposium on Date Palm, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia, May 5 &#8211; 8, 2007.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Khayri, J.M., Al-Ghamdi, A.S., Al-Bahrany, A.M. 2007. Callus Induction from date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. inflorescence of elite males. Proceeding of the Fourth Symposium on Date Palm, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia, May 5 &#8211; 8, 2007.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Ghamdi, A.S., Al-Bahrany, A.M., Al-Khayri, J.M. 2007. Evaluation of male date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. as a pollination source for Al-Hassa commercial cultivars Proceeding of the Fourth Symposium on Date Palm, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia, May 5 &#8211; 8, 2007.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Khayri, J.M., Al-Bahrany, A.M., Al-Ghamdi, A.S., Abu-Ali, M.A. 2007. Date palm somatic embryogenesis efficiency in liquid versus solid medium. In the Abstracts of the 11th International Association of Plant Tissue Culture &amp; Biotechnology Congress, Beijing Int. Convention Center, China, Aug 13 &#8211; 18, 2006.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Khayri, J.M., Al-Bahrany A.M., 2005. Prospects of genetically engineered crops in Saudi Arabia. Workshop on Genetically Modified Food, Ministry of Industry and Commerce, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Feb 6 &#8211; 8.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Khayri, J.M., Al-Bahrany A.M., Abu-Ali, M.A., 2004. X-ray irradiation effects on callus growth and morphogenesis in date palm. In the Abstracts of the Fifth International Symposium on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding, ISHS, p. 153. Debrcen, Hungary, Sept 12 &#8211; 17.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Khayri, J.M., Al-Bahrany A.M., Abu-Ali, M.A., 2004. Sensitivity of in vitro culture stages to silver nitrate in date palm. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 40: 53A.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Bahrany, A.M., Al-Khayri, J.M., Al-Musallim, I.S., Abu-Ali, M.A., Biju, M.G., 2004. In vitro response of Saudi commercial date palm cultivars. In the Abstracts of the Fifth International Symposium on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding, ISHS, p. 144. Debrcen, Hungary Sept 12 &#8211; 17.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>Al-Bahrany, A.M., Al-Khayri J.M., 2012. Optimizing in vitro cryopreservation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Biotechnology 11(2): 59 &#8211; 66.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Bahrany, A.M., Al-Khayri J.M., 2012. In vitro responses of date palm cell suspensions under osmotic stress induced by sodium, potassium and calcium salts at different exposure durations. American Journal of Plant Physiology 7(3):120 &#8211; 134.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Khayri, J.M., Al-Bahrany, A.M., 2012. Effect of abscisic acid and polyethylene glycol on the synchronization of somatic embryo development in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Biotechnology 11(6):318 &#8211; 325.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Enezi, N.A., A.M. Al-Bahrany, J.M. Al-Khayri, 2012. Effect of x-rays irradiation on date palm seed germination and seedling growth<\/p>\n<p>Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 24 (5):415 &#8211; 424.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Khayri, J.M., Al-Bahrany, A.M. 2004. Genotype-dependent in vitro response of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars to silver nitrate. Sci. Horti. 99:153 &#8211; 162.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Khayri, J.M., Al-Bahrany, A.M. 2004. Growth, water content, and proline accumulation in drought-stressed callus of date palm. Biol. Plant. 48: 105 &#8211; 108.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Bahrany,AM and JM Al-khyri.2003. Micopropagation of grey mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 72:87 &#8211; 93.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Bahrany, AM.2003. Callus growth and proline accumulation in response to polyethylene glycol-induced osmotic stress in rice, Oryza sativa,L. PJBS 5:1294 &#8211; 1296.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Bahrany,AM and JM Al-khyri.2003. Genotype variability in fatty acid composition and chemical characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) PJBS 3:1778 &#8211; 1780.<\/p>\n<p>Al-khyri ,J.M. and AM Al-Bahrany.2002. Callus growth and proline accumulation in response to sorbitol and sucrose-induced osmotic stress in rice ( Oryza sativa,L) Biologia Plantarum 45:609-611.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Bahrany, A.M.2002. Effect of phytohormones on in vitro shoot multiplication and rooting of lime Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing. Scientia Horticulturae 95:285 &#8211; 295.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Bahrany, A.M.2002. Chemical composition and fatty acid analysis of Saudi Hassawi rice, Oryza sativa. PJBS 5:212 &#8211; 214.<\/p>\n<p>Al-khyri ,JM and AM Al-Bahrany.2001.Silver nitrate and 2- isopentyladenine promote somatic embryogenesis in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) . Scientia Horticulturae 89:291-298.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Khayri, JM, and AM Al-Bahrany. 2001. In vitro micropropagation of Citrus aurantifolia (lime) Current Science 81:1242 &#8211; 1246<\/p>\n<p>Al-Khayri, J.M., Al-Bahrany, A.M. 2001. Silver nitrate and 2-isopentyladenine promote somatic embryogenesis in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Sci. Horti. 89: 291 &#8211; 298.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Bahrany, A.M., Al-Khayri, J.M. 2000. Genotype variability in fatty acid composition and chemical characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 3:1778 &#8211; 1780.<\/p>\n<p>Al-Khayri, J.M., Al-Bahrany, A.M. 2000. In vitro plant regeneration of Hassawi rice (Oryza sativa L.) from mature embryo-derived callus. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 3:602 &#8211; 605.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>MANUSCRIPTS UNDER PREPARATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Al-Bahrany, A.M., Al-Khayri, J.M. Enhanced date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) somatic embryogenesis with low doses of x-rays irradiation. In preparation (2013).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<p>Al-Khayri, JM., M.F. Abdullah, A.M. Al-Bahrany (Translators), Date Palm Biotechnology (in Arabic). KFU Press, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. In progress:<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 2014\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 (2012).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2011).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2006).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2003-current).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2008).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (ISHS) (2005).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2001).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2004- 2006).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2004- 2008).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2004).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 (2007).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a- \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 (2001).<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 (2000).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 4 &#8211; 8 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u062f\u06291424\u0647\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (Dec. 27-31\u060c 2003).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u00ab \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 21 &#8211; 22 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1431\u0647\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 6 &#8211; 7 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2010\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (April. 6-7\u060c 2010)<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629( 1996).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644- \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (1995).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 (1989- current).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\/ \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a):<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2011).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 -\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2010).<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 (2007).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (14 &#8211; 21 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2004\u0645).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 (12 &#8211; 17 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2004\u0645).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (7 &#8211; 9 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2005\u0645).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629- \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (3 &#8211; 7 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2005\u0645).<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (12-14 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2004\u0645).<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (28 &#8211; 30 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2002\u0645).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 (10 &#8211; 12 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 2001\u0645).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 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1993\u0645).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \/\u00a0\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0646\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 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