{"id":5610,"date":"2021-07-03T20:27:43","date_gmt":"2021-07-03T17:27:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alhasa-turath.org\/?p=5610"},"modified":"2021-07-03T20:27:43","modified_gmt":"2021-07-03T17:27:43","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alhasa-turath.org\/?p=5610","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n
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 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645:<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627- \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 (Pleistocene<\/span>):<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Glaciations<\/span>) \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0639\u0631\u0636 45 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0637\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 (Inter glaciations<\/span>) \u0643\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 120\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f (Transgression<\/span>) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 (Regression<\/span>).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 (Pliocene<\/span>) \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 (3.5 \u2013 1.6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629) \u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0635\u062d\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 32.000 \u0648 20.000 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 20.000 \u0648 10.000 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627- \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 (Holocene<\/span>):<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10.000 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00a0[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10.000 \u0648 6.000 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0637\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0641\u062a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0626 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u062e.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062e\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 (Arabia<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1734\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 1) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a (Artificial River<\/span>)\u00a0 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 (al Ard<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0645\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 (Aftan<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627 (\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0629) \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1- \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 (Arabia) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1734 \u0645.<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 (Carte de la Turquie de l\u2019Arabie et la Perse<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1701\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 2) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 (Isle de chader) \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2- \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 (Carte de la Turquie de l\u2019Arabie et la Perse<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1701 \u0645.<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 (Partie Occidentale d\u2019une Partie d\u2019Asie ou font les Isles de Zocotora, de l\u2019Amirante<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1730\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 3)\u00a0[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 (El Catif Riu<\/span>) \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (Astan Riu<\/span>) \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 (Ahsa<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627 (Balsera R<\/span>.) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3- \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 (Partie Occidentale d\u2019une Partie d\u2019Asie ou font les Isles de Zocotora, de l\u2019Amirante<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1730 \u0645.<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 (Arabia<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 (Edwd. Weller F.R.G.S<\/span>.) \u0631\u0642\u0645 (XLVIII<\/span>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1858\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 5) \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 (W. el Aftan<\/span>) \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629\u00a0[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4- \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 (Arabia<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 (Edwd. Weller F.R.G.S<\/span>.) \u0631\u0642\u0645 (XLVIII<\/span>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1858 \u0645.<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629:<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0633 (Homo-Habilis<\/span>) \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a (R.Dart<\/span>) \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a (L. Leake<\/span>) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0633 (Homo-Erectus<\/span>) \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0628 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645) \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u064a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0629[13]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0628 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u062d\u0636\u0629\u00a0[14]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629:<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1976\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629[17]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0 “\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644”\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 (1398\u0647\u0640 \/ 1978\u0645)\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c 1399\u0647\u0640 \/ 1979\u0645.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (1399\u0647\u0640 \/ 1979\u0645)\u060c<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c 1400\u0647\u0640 \/ 1980\u0645.<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c 1401\u0647\u0640 \/ 1981\u0645.<\/p>\n

4- \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 ( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636)\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c 1401\u0647\u0640 \/ 1981\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c 1402\u0647\u0640 \/ 1982\u0645.<\/p>\n

5- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0632\u060c\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c 1402\u0647\u0640 \/ 1982\u0645.<\/p>\n

6- \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u060c 1402\u0647\u0640 \/ 1982\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645. \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c 1403\u0647\u0640 \/ 1983\u0645.<\/p>\n

7- \u062d\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 1403\u0647\u0640 \/ 1983\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c 1404\u0647\u0640 \/ 1984\u0645.<\/p>\n

8- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c 1404\u0647\u0640 \/ 1984\u0645.<\/p>\n

9- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0647\u064a 217 \u2013 107 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062c\u0629 217 \u2013 172 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1405\u0647\u0640 \/ 1985\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c 1406\u0647\u0640 \/ 1986\u0645.<\/p>\n

10- \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u064a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c 1406\u0647\u0640 \/ 1986\u0645.<\/p>\n

11- \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u064a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1406\u0647\u0640 \/ 1986\u0645.<\/p>\n

12- \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623. \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0648. \u0628\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 1409\u0647\u0640 \/ 1988\u0645.<\/p>\n

13- \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a) \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0646\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0644\u0628\u0648. \u0628. \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0632\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 1410 \u0647\u0640\/1989\u0645.<\/p>\n

14- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645. \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u062f \u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648. \u0628\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c 1411\u0647\u0640 \/ 1990\u0645.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 (Paleolithic<\/span>) \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 (Mesolithic<\/span>) \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0[18]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u00a0[19]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (Neolithic<\/span>) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u064f\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u062c\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u00a0Hoglar Kapel<\/span>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1967\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u00a0[20]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1396\u0647\u0640 \/ 1976\u0645\u00a0[21]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1397\u0647\u0640 \/ 1977\u0645\u00a0[22]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 759628 \u0643\u06452) \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a (Chalcolithic<\/span>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627- \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648 (5300 \u2013 5080 \u0642.\u0645)
\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627- \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (5080 \u2013 4340 \u0642.\u0645)
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\n\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627- \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 (3900 \u2013 3500 \u0642.\u0645)<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 1417\u0647\u0640 \u2013 1997\u0645.
\n\u2022 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0647\u062c\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1411\u0647\u0640 \u2013 1991\u0645.
\n\u2022 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c 1401\u0647\u0640 \/ 1981\u0645.
\n\u2022 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 1976-1977\u0645\u060c 1977-1978\u0645.
\n\u2022 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u062c\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 1967\u0645.
\n\u2022 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0622\u062f\u0645\u060c\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 1976\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 1397\u0647\u0640 \/ 1977\u0645.
\n\u2022 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c1398\u0647\u0640 \/ 1978\u0645
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 “\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062d”\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c 2002\u0645.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Michael, Mckinnon, Arabia, Sand. Sea. Sky, 1990.
\n\u2022 McClure, Harold A, Late Quaternary Palaeoenvironments of the Rub\u2019 Al Khali, A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of philosophy in the university of London, 1984, Unpublished.
\n\u2022 Burkholder, Grace, an Arabian collection; Artifacts from the Eastern Province, 1984
\n\u2022 Al-Qasimi, Sultan Bin Muhammad, The gulf in historic maps 1478-1861, second edition, 1999.
\n\u2022 Grace, Burkholder, Ubaid sites and pottery in Saudi Arabia, surface finds push back the prehistory of Saudi Arabia a thousand years, Archaeology 25, No. 4, New York, Archaeological Institute of America, 1972.
\n\u2022 H. A. McClure and N.Y. al- Shaikh, Arabian archaeology and epigraphy, Palaeogeography of an \u2018Ubaid archaeological site, Saudi Arabia, 1993.
\n\u2022 T. G. Bibby with one chapter by Holger Kapel, Preliminary survey in east Arabia 1968, reports of the Danish archeological expedition to the Arabian gulf. Volume two, jutland archeological society publications, volume XII. 1973.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0647\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 1417\u0647\u0640 \u2013 1997\u0645\u060c \u0635 \u0635 429-435. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Michael, Mckinnon, Arabia, Sand. Sea. Sky, 1990, pp 15 \u2013 21.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

McClure, Harold A, Late Quaternary Palaeoenvironments of the Rub\u2019 Al Khali, A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of philosophy in the university of London, 1984, Unpublished.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0647\u062c\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1411\u0647\u0640 \u2013 1991\u0645\u060c \u0635 19.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0 Burkholder, Grace, an Arabian collection; Artifacts from the Eastern Province, 1984, p 29.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0 Al-Qasimi, Sultan Bin Muhammad, The gulf in historic maps 1478-1861, second edition, 1999, p 167.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 63.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 NF 38-NE \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1411\u0647\u0640.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 NF39-NW \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1407\u0647\u0640\u060c\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 NF39-NE \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1411\u0647\u0640<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 NG38-SE \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1409\u0647\u0640<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 266.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 A212-I\u060c\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 1 : 000 500\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 1956\u0645.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c 1401\u0647\u0640\/1981\u0645\u060c \u0635 14.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a>\u00a0 Grace, Burkholder, Ubaid sites and pottery in Saudi Arabia, surface finds push back the prehistory of Saudi Arabia a thousand years, Archaeology 25, No. 4, New York, Archaeological Institute of America, 1972, p 265.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a>\u00a0 H. A. McClure and N.Y. al- Shaikh, Arabian archaeology and epigraphy, Palaeogeography of an \u2018Ubaid archaeological site, Saudi Arabia, 1993, pp 107-125<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a>\u00a0 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1397\u0647\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 1977\u0645.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 1976-1977\u0645\u060c 1977-1978\u0645.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0647\u0648\u0644\u062c\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 1967\u0645.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 1397\u0647\u0640 \/ 1977\u0645\u060c \u0635 \u0635 25-35.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 1398\u0647\u0640 \/ 1978\u0645\u060c \u0635 \u0635 7-29.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0622\u062f\u0645\u060c\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 1397\u0647\u0640 \/ 1977\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 1976\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0635 32.<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c1398\u0647\u0640 \/ 1978\u0645\u060c\u0635 8.<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Holger Kaple, Preliminary survey in east Arabia 1968, jutland archeological society publications, volume XII. 1973, pp 59-60.<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c 2002\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 “\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062d”\u060c \u0635 \u0635 6 – 11.<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a>\u00a0 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \/ \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 35 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 (Plate Tectonic) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5614,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-77"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alhasa-turath.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alhasa-turath.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alhasa-turath.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alhasa-turath.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alhasa-turath.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5610"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.alhasa-turath.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5615,"href":"https:\/\/www.alhasa-turath.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5610\/revisions\/5615"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alhasa-turath.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alhasa-turath.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alhasa-turath.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alhasa-turath.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}